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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the relationship between language and context. It deals with questions such as: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and sensible action. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each with each other. It is often seen as a part of a language, but it is different from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user is trying to communicate, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different views on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a variety of subjects that include L2 pragmatic comprehension, request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to various social and cultural phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their positions differ based on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely by the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution in pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature, [https://www.ky58.cc/dz/home.php?mod=space&uid=2093843 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] [https://www.google.bs/url?q=https://zenwriting.net/crowdbanana18/what-is-pragmatic-free-trial-history-of-pragmatic-free-trial-in-10-milestones 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] 무료체험 ([https://maps.google.no/url?q=https://postheaven.net/shakemiddle0/why-you-should-not-think-about-improving-your-pragmatic-genuine maps.Google.No]) and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the contexts and users of language usage instead of focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It studies the ways in which one expression can be understood to mean different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on strategies that listeners employ to determine whether words are meant to be a communication. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is well-known, it is not always clear how they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy because it deals with how our ideas about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>There are several key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled many of the debates. Some scholars have suggested for instance that pragmatics isn't a subject by itself because it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this field should be considered as a discipline of its own since it studies how cultural and social influences affect the meaning and usage of language. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in a sentence. These are topics that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the overall meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It evaluates how human language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views about the line between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and [https://www.wulanbatuoguojitongcheng.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=206450 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] 체험 [[https://cameradb.review/wiki/Ten_Things_You_Learned_In_Kindergarden_Thatll_Help_You_With_Pragmatic_Free_Slots My Page]] pragmatism are two different subjects. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects they may or not denote, while pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of saying something. They believe that semantics is already determining the logical implications of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same word could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like ambiguity and indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. It is because every culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in different situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of study are computational and  [https://www.google.st/url?q=https://mosley-mack-4.technetbloggers.de/what-pragmatic-experience-experts-want-you-to-be-educated-1726704680 프라그마틱 이미지] formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; and clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, with less attention paid to grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics like syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to provide an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and semantics are really the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate between these two views and argue that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. For instance some scholars believe that if an expression has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This method is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to integrate both approaches trying to understand  [https://loont.com/wiki/User:SilkePhilipp03 프라그마틱 체험] the full range of interpretive possibilities for an utterance by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It poses questions such as What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users find meaning from and each one another. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has been focused on a broad range of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension as well as request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database used. The US and UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position varies depending on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top authors in pragmatics solely according to the number of publications they have published. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For instance, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics is a pioneering concept like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language usage, rather than on reference grammar, truth,  [https://www.google.bt/url?q=https://click4r.com/posts/g/17896714/10-things-everybody-gets-wrong-about-pragmatic 프라그마틱 환수율] 불법 - [https://fakenews.win/wiki/Five_Tools_That_Everyone_Is_In_The_Pragmatic_Official_Website_Industry_Should_Be_Using https://Fakenews.win/] - or. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be understood as meaning various things depending on the context and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely known, it isn't always clear where the lines should be drawn. For  [https://www.pmxwiki.xyz/index.php/User:MaggieConnal 프라그마틱 무료] instance some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it examines the way in which our beliefs about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled much of this debate. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a subject by itself because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This kind of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. These are issues that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of language. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent views on the borderline of semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects that they could or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and [https://wikimapia.org/external_link?url=https://campbell-mccullough-2.technetbloggers.de/20-pragmatic-websites-taking-the-internet-by-storm-1726607021 라이브 카지노] Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said while far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' in the words spoken are already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is conducted in the field. Some of the most important areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through language in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a broad range of research conducted in these areas, [https://www.google.com.pk/url?q=https://kristensen-edmondson-2.blogbright.net/20-top-tweets-of-all-time-pragmatic-play 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] 무료 ([https://brandstrup-vedel.blogbright.net/find-out-what-pragmatic-slots-return-rate-the-celebs-are-using/ please click the next document]) which address issues such as the role of lexical characteristics and the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined, and that they are the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement is interpreted with an actual truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This method is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as compared to other plausible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 18:31, 17 February 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It poses questions such as What do people really mean when they use words?

It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users find meaning from and each one another. It is usually thought of as a part of language however, it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.

As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have investigated.

Research in pragmatics has been focused on a broad range of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension as well as request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database used. The US and UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position varies depending on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.

It is therefore hard to classify the top authors in pragmatics solely according to the number of publications they have published. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For instance, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics is a pioneering concept like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language usage, rather than on reference grammar, truth, 프라그마틱 환수율 불법 - https://Fakenews.win/ - or. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be understood as meaning various things depending on the context and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely known, it isn't always clear where the lines should be drawn. For 프라그마틱 무료 instance some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it examines the way in which our beliefs about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages function.

There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled much of this debate. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a subject by itself because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This kind of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.

The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. These are issues that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of language. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also divergent views on the borderline of semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects that they could or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and 라이브 카지노 Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said while far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' in the words spoken are already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are defined by the processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.

A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is conducted in the field. Some of the most important areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through language in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a broad range of research conducted in these areas, 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 무료 (please click the next document) which address issues such as the role of lexical characteristics and the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of meaning itself.

One of the most important issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined, and that they are the identical.

It is not unusual for scholars to argue between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement is interpreted with an actual truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This method is often known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as compared to other plausible implicatures.